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The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. Overview of The. Handbook of Greek Coinage. Series. I. COLLECTING. GREEK COINSII. THE. TECHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT COIN PRODUCTIONIII. THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GREEK COINAGEIV. PREVALENT GREEK COIN TYPES AND EPIGRAPHYD. Scott Van. Horn and Bradley R. Since then, the field of ancient numismatics. Greek Coins & Their Values would require a complete. Sear, and determine an. In order to encompass this. Sear found necessary. As a result, Classical Numismatic Group is publishing The Handbook of Greek Coinage. Oliver D. Hoover, in a series of 1. Greek coinage, with the first being The Handbook of Syrian Coins. Royal and Civic Issues, Fourth to First Centuries BC (Volume 9 in the series). This. series is designed to aid the user in the quick, accurate, and relatively. Greek coins, while providing a cross- reference for. The subject- matter of each volume is arranged. For. those rulers or cities that issued coins concurrently in all three metals. Known mints for the royal coinage are listed below the appropriate. Each entry will include a. No valuations are listed, since such values are. An online valuation guide at www. Whether one purchases the entire set for their. The. Handbook of Greek Coinage Series should provide a useful staging- point from which collectors and. The Information Technology Examination Handbook InfoBase concept was developed by the Task Force on Examiner Education to provide field examiners in financial. The temporary general fax number for the Rust College Campus/Business Office area is 662-252-7119. Financial managers typically have a bachelor’s degree and 5 years or more of experience in another business or financial occupation, such as an accountant. ![]() There. is a distinction to be drawn between true collectors and accumulators. While. this is somewhat true – with specimens of great rarity or superb quality of. Some collectors of Greek. Syracuse. or the gold oktadrachms of Arsino. Others collect. for the historical and social associations these coins might provide – such as. Archaic period, a stater of the famed Boiotian commander. Epaminondas, or the smaller silver denominations and bronze coins used by the. Many collectors, however, are attracted by both. The. discovery of many hoards of ancient coins over the past thirty years has. The reason for these hoards is. This was especially true of the armies themselves as. Greco- Roman world. These. hoards have brought to light a number of heretofore unknown types and. At. the same time, the discovery of these hoards has created a number of. In some instances, these hoards have been dispersed before their. The laws in some “source” countries, which often. Sometimes the. search for these hoards has resulted in the damage of archaeological sites, and. Perhaps more. troubling, the desire for ancient coins has fueled a thriving market for the. While many of these forgeries are. With. the presence of forgeries in the market, the phrase caveat emptor has become more important than. Collectors can protect themselves by seeking out knowledgeable and. Collectors. should also add to their own knowledge by building up a personal numismatic. Not only will doing so add to one’s. Coins that heve been offered in past auctions, or are from. A pedigree also helps in determining. British Museum or the Hermitage, that have been offered in the past for sale. Unlike US. numismatics, where consistency has allowed for a standardized 7. The basic grades commonly used for ancient coins. Table 1. Table of. Recognized Standard Coin Grades (non- US coins)Grade. English. German. French. Italian. FDCMint State. Stempelglanz. Fleur de Coin. Fior di Conio. EFExtremely Fine. Vorz. Dealers. however, will include qualifiers to describe a coin that lies outside that. The two most common qualifiers are “near,” as in “Near EF,” and “good”. Good VF.” Two others that. Thus, a coin graded Choice EF or Superb EF indicates its quality is. EF. Below. are examples of a common Athenian Tetradrachm at each of the basic grade. The effects of wear are due to circulation. These effects include a loss of sharpness. The degree to which a coin is. The. effects of manufacture – issues of centering, quality of strike, as well as. Consequently, a coin’s grade is. For example, a coin that is in. EF, slightly off- center strike.” Another factor to be considered is the state. The dies of some series of. The dies of other series may appear somewhat less refined. When this occurs, the grade is accompanied by the phrase “for issue.”. Finally, the flan itself is another factor that must be considered. As with the. dies, flans are prepared by hand and are susceptible to flaws during. Common flaws are irregularities in the shape of the flan. Toning. on gold or silver coins, or patina on bronze coins, result from a chemical. They do not effect a coin’s grade, but may influence the. For example, an. attractively toned silver coin in VF condition may be more appealing to an. EF. Similarly, a bronze coin in VF. EF example with a mottled patina of various colors. While. the collector can readily distinguish a dealer’s criteria for determining a. Specialized. specialized books and articles, the collector is encouraged to explore both the. Classical Numismatic Group, at http: //www. American Numismatic Society, at http: //www. Below. are some useful general links for the collector: The. American Numismatic Association (http: //www. The. American Numismatic Society (http: //www. Ancient. Greek Coins of Miletus (http: //rjohara. Asia. Minor Coins (http: //www. Museum. of Fine Arts, Boston, Collections Search (http: //www. Every part of the process was done by hand and could be affected. As a result, examples of the. The. striking process comprised placing a flan. The anvil die typically. From this process, a coin of a specific value was produced to. Archaic Ionia hemistater. Classical Selinos tetradrachm. Hellenistic tetradrachm of Pyrrhos. King of Epeiros. The. Precious metal coins (electrum, gold, and silver) are said to. It. Other coins. such as some later bronze issues, fall within a range of acceptable weights. While the actual production of flans varied, they were made. Sometimes flans were cast in strips. These strips would be heated. This production technique is particularly visible on. Magna Graecia, Sicily, Judaea, and Egypt under the Romans. Some bronze coins have beveled or. The grinding and polishing marks, visible on. Previously circulating coins could be reused as ready made flans. Often, as in the case of the. Bar Kochba, which were. Roman denarii and drachs, traces of the undertype. The. Die and the Aesthetics of Coin Design. The. earliest coins of Asia Minor may have consisted of a flan marked with a single. Formed by a reverse dieof rough and irregular pattern. While. some of these coins are simply blank on the obverse, many have regular or. Soon, complex designs. Such. designs are known as types, and were possibly the first. While some states, like Persia. These reverse designs were usually also engraved in intaglio, as on. Magna Graecia, engraved them. Dies were sometimes made of iron, but bronze, which is much softer. Late classical tetradrachm of. Pixodaros, satrap of Karia. A. die’s design has much to do with its success in producing a beautiful coin, but. The transfer of an image from the die. If the force is uneven, metal will not flow properly into the. This process can be seen sometimes. Classical Athenian dekadrachm. As. the obverse die of a Greek coin was often in very high relief, a large amount. This was particularly so on the. It is for this reason that the obverse die was. By design, the highest point of relief was at the center. In the ancient world, however, maintaining a regular die axis, or the axial relationship. Dies were initially. Eventually, hinged dies were created, which kept the obverse and. Die. Wear, Rusty Dies, Recut Dies, and Die- Links. Obviously. the process of striking coins put an enormous amount of stress on the dies. Over time, a die could develop. The rate at. which such flaws developed was completely random, with some dies failing at. Other than. die breaks, the most common flaw from regular use was a loss of detail, or sharpness. Although some of these flaws required a replacement of the damaged. Another common flaw seen in ancient coinage is die rust. As coinage in the ancient. As storage conditions were not climate controlled, the dies would. Consequently, coins struck with these dies display areas of. A common method a mint. New dies would be used with older dies, creating an. By studying these die- links. Another error occured when the dies were struck together without a. Subsequent coin strikings would produce a shallow. Dies affected in. Occasionally. a die would move slightly during striking, or the mint worker’s strike would. A similar error occurs when a mint worker. In such cases, the flan may move between the strikes. This is known as a double. Although less common, some coins are struck more than two times. A rare variety of these errors. In such a case, each side of the coin will have both. Brockage of a Tarentine nomos. Sometimes. a struck flan remained lodged in either the obverse or reverse die, and was not. When this happened, the. This effect. is known as a brockage. Life. after Striking: Countermarks, Banker’s Marks, Graffiti, and Cut Coins. Countermarked Elis stater. Periodically. mints would need to re- tariff existing coins, or accept foreign currency as. This was accomplished through the application of countermarks. Countermarks could be either. Other marks found on coins are banker’s marks. Banker’s marks first appear on. They are usually tiny incuse punch marks. It is sometimes difficult, or impossible, to discern whether a. Probably. the most rudimentary type of marking found on coins is the graffito. Graffito is the scratching of. Most often a graffito. If there is only one occurrence of this on a particular coin, it is known. Multiple occurrences of graffito on a single coin are known as graffiti. Cut Athenian dekadrachm fragment. During. the shortage of specific fractional denominations, large denomination coins. One notable example of such a cut coin is a half of an extremely. Athenian dekadrachm, most likely done in commerce as a matter of. Return to top of page. Before. the introduction of a regular system of coinage, early societies relied on a. While such an arrangement may have sufficed for smaller. Where supplies of naturally- occurring and easily- obtainable. Guides Archive - Financial Modelling Handbook. Published September 1. Mayank Jain. In this guide, we will consider how to model a number of balance accumulations using a corkscrew structure and 2. D modelling techniques. Published September 1. Rashim Raheja. Working with more than one timeline in a model is common. Modellers need to be able to take series data calculated in a high resolution timeline (e. In this modelling guide, we will explain how to aggregate quarterly series data in an annual model. Our example is based on escalation factors – where the last date dependent constant is assumed to apply to all remaining periods in the timeline. Hence our requirement is for an approximate match. Published July 1. Neha Kakar. In previous guides we have considered the use of VLOOKUP and INDEX / MATCH as a means of matching constants with a corresponding date on a horizontal timeline. In this modelling guide, we will look at SUMIF. Published June 1. Neha Kakar. In this modelling guide, we will consider how to match a date dependent constant with its corresponding date on a horizontal timeline. The functions used are INDEX and MATCH. Published June 1. Akanksha Gupta. Model assumptions that are date dependent are presented as constants to facilitate sensitivity analysis. How should such constants be best spread across a horizontal timeline so they match their corresponding dates? There are a number of Excel functions that might be used to pick constants and allocate them to a corresponding column in a timeline. Lange Formeln, die auf weit entfernte Stellen im Modell hinweisen, tragen dazu bei. However, taking the time to plan and create the model structure visually can be effective in ensuring the logic of the model is clear to the model developer and to anyone that uses the model later. This guide concentrates on. Profitability index measures value created per unit invested. It helps in assessing which project to choose from a number of projects: the higher the profitability index, the more attractive the project. Published February 1. Lior Sternberg. This modelling guide looks at how to model key aspects of a loan – including a choice of debt repayment profiles (level debt service vs level principal). The accompanying spreadsheet includes a presentation sheet that shows the main features of the loan. Published February 1, 2. Gerald Strever. To simulate is to try to duplicate the features, appearance and characteristics of a real system. The idea behind simulation is to imitate a real- world situation mathematically, to study its properties and operating characteristics, to draw conclusions and make action decisions based on the results of the simulation. The real- life system is not touched until. We will also consider the Excel functions available that are specific to calculating an NPV. Published December 7, 2. Mayank Jain. Inventories are short term assets held as part of an organisation’s core business operations. Inventory management is an important part of working capital management. Where inventory levels are significant, a good model should show the impact on cash of holding such significant levels. We will look at how to model three types of inventory: raw. A corporation is often required to make periodic payments of tax in respect of its estimated tax liability. Modelling the frequency of tax instalments in a financial model is important if an organisation’s cash flows are to be modelled appropriately. It is also possible to. Assume that a company signs up customers. Every new tranche of customers signing up is expected to follow the same attrition pattern. This guide assumes a specific situation relating to a single purpose vehicle (“SPV”). An SPV is a company established for a particular project and then wound up once that project is complete. In this guide, we assume that: 1. Share capital is issued. Care must be taken since assets start and stop depreciating at different times. In this guide, we will also consider how. Modellers need to be able to take data calculated on an annual basis and present it on a quarterly basis. The principles used in this guide may be used whenever balances calculated using less frequent time periods (e. They play a critical role in helping people to visualise large amounts of information, make better decisions and communicate their results to others. This modelling guide explains how to make quick charts and how they can be useful in analysing data. Lower future profits mean less tax paid. A “tax loss carry forward” refers to the practice of matching the losses of previous periods with a current period’s profits. This modelling guide explains how to calculate and account for tax loss carry forwards. Modellers need to be able to take data calculated on a quarterly basis and present it on an annual basis. The principles used in this guide may be used whenever balances calculated using a more frequent time period (e. Construction period cash flows may be modelled on one timeline (e. So to calculate an appropriate internal rate of return, we use an approach. Excel has a number of options that allow you to control when open workbooks are recalculated. There are two types of calculation mode in Excel: automatic and manual This modelling guide. It can be useful in a wide range of situations. This guide will show you how to get the best from goal seek and present some tips to make our lives easier while working with it. This guide assumes that you know a bit. Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) is the ratio of cash available to service debt, to interest principle and where applicable lease payments. It is a widely used benchmark to measure an entity’s ability to meet it’s debt service obligations. As at 2. 00. 8, government issued index linked bonds exceeded $1. This modelling guide explains how to model index linked bonds. Published May 2, 2. Hedieh Kianyfard There are numerous different ways of repaying the principal on a term loan: annuity style; level principal; bullet; balloon and sculpted repayment profiles. A financial model should be able to switch easily from one scenario to another. A good Excel function to use is INDEX. IF, CHOOSE and OFFSET are also frequently used by modellers. Les blocs de calculs aident . This guide was superbly re- produced and translated into French by Yohan Larochelle. These additions will make a significant contribution to your construction skill efficiency, by removing the need to repeat lengthy keystroke combinations. Published April 6, 2. Kenny Whitelaw- Jones. Everybody knows that in financial modelling, inputs, calculations and outputs should be separate. When you’re in the “build phase” of a model, there can be short term benefits of locating inputs next to the calculations they are driving. The guide explains those benefits, and shows you how to quickly and easily move the inputs to. Often we start with incomplete information. Sometimes, in the act of trying to model something, we find out that our conceptual understanding was not as clear as we thought it was. Placeholders give us the freedom to mark lines as temporary. Sometimes because we don’t yet have sufficient data. This modelling guide explains how to incorporate “actuals” in both balances and flows. Published March 7, 2. Andrew Berkley. Banks quote interest rates on a simple annual basis. These are known as quoted (or nominal) rates. They often need to be manipulated in order to undertake modelling calculations. Since different money markets quote using different conventions, it is important that the modeller understands how the quoted rate should be manipulated. Published February 2. Isha Sahnan. There are two basic types of line item in financial models – flows and balances. Balances are amounts at a point in time. Balances can be financial or non financial. Every balance has similar properties. This guide explains what those properties are, and gives a standard model component that can be used for all balances. Published February 2. Rashim Raheja. Calculation blocks are a key feature of FAST models; they help to make models more readable. Sometimes however, we have to repeat the same kind of calculation many times. Having lots of the same kind of calculation block is not always the best approach. Published December 1. Patrick O'Beirne. Modelling can be tough – by following this guide you can shift your stress and make your colleagues lives hell! The consequences for falling for some, or all of the following temptations are described in more than eighty spreadsheet problems on the Eusprig website. Published December 1. Mayank Jain. When building models in excel sometimes files become large, slowing down your modelling progress and making simple calculations painstakingly slow. Size is often a function of the number of calculations and complexity of formulae. There are also causes of excess file size that are not related to model complexity. This modelling guide explains how to. This requirement occurs frequently in project finance in calculating reserve account balances. This modelling guide shows you how to use the MMULT function effectively for this requirement. Published December 2, 2. Emily Cowan. In financial modelling, consistent, uniform design increases efficiency and reduces error. This modelling guide sets out some recommendations for a “default” model design. This will often have to be adapted, but it’s a good place to start. Published November 1. Mala Khetarpal. An annuity debt repayment profile involves “level debt service” – with interest reduces and principal increasing over the term of the debt. This modelling guide explains how calculate an annuity payment profile. Published November 1. Andrew Berkley. Events in the real world have an annoying habit of not occurring on your financial model period end dates. This modelling guide gives you reusable code to calculate partial period factors. This will allow you to easily deal with events that occur in between period end dates. Published October 2. Kenny Whitelaw- Jones. Links are a core component in FAST financial models.
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